Crushing machinery



$511M 7, 1941. 3, w BQRTON 2,227,435

CRUSHING MACHINERY Filed Feb. 21, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet l Jan. 7 1941. G.W. oRToN 2,227,435

CRUSH IQNG MACHINERY Filed Feb. 21, 1915s ssheets-shet 2 l/\/ VE/V TOR:

6 602376 l IKB Off on (5. W. BQRTON Jazmin I? CRUSHING MACHINERY FiledFeb. '21. 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR: Georyeltfli r2022 PatentedJan. 7, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CRUSHING MACHINERY George W.Borton, New Lisbon, N. L, assignor to Pennsylvania Crusher Company, NewYork, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application February 21, 1938,Serial No. 191,764 6 Claims. (01. 33-41) My present invention relates toapparatus for breaking, crushing, or comminuting various materials suchas ore, ,rock, coal, and/or the like, and is a continuation in part ofmy application for patent filed February 3, 1931, Serial No. 513,-

190 (now Patent No. 1,948,504), and my application for patent filedFebruary 26, 1934, Serial No. 713,045 (now Patent No. 2,108,793).

My inventioncomprises improved apparatus well adapted for the freereception of material to be crushed or broken, which may be run-of-mineor other size initially, and it includes a rotatable drum which may beof relatively large diameter having circular or annular end members orframe sections which may be of special conformation, and a peripheralwall disposed between said end members or frame sections; The peripheralwall may be partially or wholly apertured for the discharge of thebroken material,

and for such purpose, this wall may include screen sections of suitablecharacter. These screen sections may be apertured plates of any usualtype, and/or they may bein the form of integral frames with spaced bars,which bars may be arranged circumfercntially of the wall of the drum orparallel with the longitudinal axis thereof, as may be necessary ordesirable inconnection with the particular material being crushed. Thescreenplates or the grids are supported by longitudinal members formingparts of the drum structure, and these longitudinal members may beintegral with one or both of the end members or frames making'up thedrum, or

they may be in the form of structural members such as L- or T-beams,connecting said end frames or members and holding the same in spacedrelation. One of the end frame sections or members may have the shape ofthe frustum of a cone in longitudinal section and serve as a chute orhopper for the delivery of material to the crushing. chamber, and bothend members or frame sections may be provided with trunnions or othersuitable supports whereby the drum may be mounted for rotation. Theconeshaped feed section may be provided with vanes to control deliveryof material into the drum,

and these vanes may be straight or curved. With this drum I may employ ahammer-carrying rotor structure, and I maysupport the rotor structureentirely independently of the drum. The rotor structure may rotate inthe same direction as the drum or opposite thereto, but at a muchgreater speed.

In addition, the crushing chamber provided by the drum is equipped withlifting shelves,

which may be adiustably mounted, whereby material delivered to suchcrushing chamber, preferably through the receiving end, which may becone-shaped or otherwise, may be continually lifted and dropped in thepath of the hammersvfor impact thereby until broken to a size that willfreely pass through the screen plates or through spaces between the barsof grid sections if and when the latter are employed. The liftingshelves may be diagonally disposed or mounted for angular adjustmentlongitudinally and radially of the drum.

A further object of my invention is to provide a structure of thegeneral type referred to, with outboard shafts supporting the drumand/or the hammer-carrying rotor disposed within the same; one of saidshafts being hollow and carrying bearings for the other shaft, andbothdrum and rotor being mounted for rotation in space at the ends of therespectiveshafts.

A further object of my invention is to provide a structure of thegeneral type referred to, with-an outboard shaft supporting the drumwhich is mounted for rotation inspace at the end of said supportingshaft. 1

A further object of my invention is to provide a crushing structure inwhich the drum may be arranged to revolve in roller supporting rollerbearings, and in which the hammer-carrying rotor structure is supportedwholly independently of such drum.

I These andother features of my invention are more fully disclosedhereinaften'reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, more orless diagrammatic in character, in which:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a form of crushingstructure within the scope of my invention, showing an overhunghammercarrying rotor disposed with a rotating drum or cage.

Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary view illustrating a de- 1 tall within the scopeof my invention.

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of another form ofstructure wherein the drum is supported entirely independently of thehammercarrying rotor and its operating means.

Fig. 2 is a sectional'view on the line II-II,

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal sectional view of a crushing structure withinthe scope of my invention, in which the cage or drum is carried at theend of an outboard shaft, mounted in suitable bearings, and which omitsthe hammer-carrying rotor structure.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view on the line IX-IX, Fig. 8.

Figs. 10 and 11 are fragmentary views illustrating details within thescope of my invention, and

Figs. 12, 13 and 14 illustrate forms of screen plates or grids which maybe employed to form the wall of the crushing drum.

My improved crushing apparatus comprises a rotatable drum, with openingsin the peripheral wall for discharge of the crushed material, and endframes or members connected thereto and provided with supporting meanswhich may be mounted in suitable bearings so that such drum may befreely rotated, or the drum may be supported by roller bearings. -Insome instances, the screen supporting portions of the peripheral wall ofthe drum may be integral with one or both of the end frames, and inother instances, the end frames may be connected by longitudinal beamswhich, in turn, support the screen plates or grids. In most instances,the longitudinal connections will provide spaces arrangedcircumferentially of the drum and adapted for the reception of screenplates or grids made up of spaced bars, through which the material, whenbroken to the desired size, may be discharged. In lieu of this, a wallof foraminous or reticulated character, continuous in extent, may beemployed.

The structure illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, et seq., comprises a rotatingcage or drum in overhung position carried by an out-board shaft with ahammer-carrying rotor structure disposed within the drum. In thisarrangement, the cage is carried by a sleeve shaft suitably supported inbearings, while the hammer-carrying rotor is supported at the end of ashaft centrally disposed with respect to the sleeve shaft carrying thedrum. .The overhung weight of the drum, as well as the weight of therotor structure, is partially compensated for by the weight of therespective shafts and the weight of a gear wheel carried by the end ofthe sleeve shaft and through which motion is imparted thereto.

This form of my improved crushing structure may comprise a drum having aconical feed and I substantially like those illustrated in Figs. 1 and2, of my prior Patent No. 2,608,793, and an imperforate end wall 2 Theconical feed and may be apertured for the passage of fines accompanyingthe material being crushed. These parts may be connectedtogether inspaced relationship by longitudinal members 9', which may be integralwith the end wall 2, as shown in Fig. 3, or such,elements may beindependent members 90*, as indicated in Fig. l, secured to the endwalls or members 2 and 6 by suitable bolts. This form of structure isshown as provided with screen plates i 3 and these screen plates may beof the type illustrated in the patent of. John H. Doerres, No.1,563,173, and shown in Fig. 12, or of any other type commonly employedin coal breakers of the Bradford type. Grids of the type illustrated inFigs. 13 and 14, may be employed in lieu of such screen plates.

Lifting shelves. I 8 of the fixed or adjustable type may be employed inthe form of crushing apparatus shown in Fig. l, or, if desired, webs onthe longitudinal members 9 may serve as lifting shelves, as illustratedin Fig. 2.

When the end sections or members 2 and 6 are integral with thelongitudinal members 9, the latter may be arranged at an angle to thelongitudinal axis of the drum, as clearly indicated in Fig. 3, whichalso indicates lifting shelves as integral with said longitudinalmembers.

The end wall or frame 2' carries a central hub lo attached to a hollowshaft 50, the latter extending outwardly some distance away from saidwall 2, and being supported by bearings 5| and 52. A gear wheel 53 iscarried by the end of this hollow shaft, and motion may be impartedthereto through the medium of a pinion on a driving shaft (not shown),or such gear wheel may be driven in any other manner. The hammercarryingrotor structure may be of the type illustrated in Fig. l, of my priorPatent No. 2,108,793, having hammers of any suitable or usual type,indicated at 26*, hung from supporting rods 25", carried by the usualspaced disks 24 The rotor structure shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is carried bya shaft 20 which passes through the hollow shaft and may be connected atits outer end by a coupling 54 to any suitable form of motor or otherdriving mechanism. The hub Ill of the wall 2 of the drum carries aroller bearing 55 (or bearing of other suitable type) for the shaft 20',and a bearing 56 of suitable or similar type is disposed near theextreme outer end of the hollow shaft. Both of these shafts are inmotion at the same time, the inner shaft being driven at a much greaterspeed than the outer hollow shaft, and they may move in the samedirection, or in opposite directions, as may be best adapted for theparticular crushing work in hand. As may be readily understood, theshafts 20 and 50 may be driven by a single source of power.

In Figs. 4 and 5, I have shown a form of structure somewhat similar tothat illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, in which the drum is mounted entirelyindependently of the hammer rotor and its shaft. While various forms ofmounting may be employed, more or less common in the mounting of thedrum or shells of Bradford breakers, in the present instance the endsections i and 2 of the drum are shown as supported by rollers 60forming a cradle; the drum having annularrim portions or trunnions 6|engaging the same. These rollers may be driven by suitable means toimpart the desired motion to the drum, and such rollers may be toothedand the annular portions SI of the drum may also be toothed for drivingengagement therewith or, in lieu of this, the rollers 60 may be idlersand the drum may carry a gear wheel driven by suitable means, which mayinclude a power transmitting pinion meshing with such gear. In thisarrangement, the rotor, consisting of the usual disks 24, and thehammers 26 hung from rods 25 carried by such disks in the usual manner,may be carried by an overhung shaft 20, mounted in bearings Si and 52,the end of such shaft carrying a gear 53 to which motion may be impartedby suitable means, through a. power transmitting pinion meshing withsuch gear, or otherwise. In this arrangement, there is no contact of thehammer rotor and its operating mechanism with the drum; the open hub illof the end wall 2 providing for the free passage of the shaft 20 Thespeed of the drum, of course, will be less than the speed of the hammerrotor; As in the other structures, [the drum will have lifting shelves18 of suitablecharacter, and they may be integral with the ldhgitudinalmembers 9 connecting the end members, or they may be independent memberssecured to such longitudinal members. In like manner, such longitudinalmembers may be integral with one or both of the end members, or they maybe independent elements of I- or T-cross section, to which said endmembers are secured.

In Fig. 6, I have shown another form of structure in which thehammer-carrying rotor is supported wholly independently of the drum. Inthis construction, the drum is shown as supported by rollers engagingthe annular portion 6|, in a manner substantially similar to thestructure illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, so as to be capable of movementindependently of the hammer carrying rotor structure, which is supportedby a shaft 20, and the latter is carried by or journaled in suspendedbearings 63 and 66 which may be hung from structural supports 65, orother means disposed externally of and at the opposite ends of the drum.The drum may be of the same type as those illustrated in Figs. 1 and 4,or like that illustrated in Fig. 1 of my prior Patent No. 2,108,793.

In this arrangement, there is no contact of the hammer-carrying rotorand its operating mechanism with the drum, the end wall i having a hubIll providing ,for the free passage of the shaft 20 while the oppositeend of said shaft passes through the openingin the cone-shaped feedmember 1. The shaft 20 may carry a gear wheel 53 to which motion may beimparted in any suitable manner whereby the hammer-carzying rotor may bedriven. As in the other structures, the drum and rotor may beindependently driven in the same or opposite directions, as may benecessary or desirable. The speed of the drum, of course, will be lessthan the speed of the hammer-carrying rotor. As in the other structures,the drum will have lifting shelves, and they may be of the typeillustrated in Figs. 2 and 5, or of the type illustrated in Fig. 3.

In lieu of supporting the drum by means of the rollers 60 and 60engaging rings 6| or 6| carried by the drum, in structures of the typeillustrated inFigs. 6 and 7, I may arrange suspended bearing supportsfor the drum, of a character substantially similar to those illustratedat 63 and 64, the drum having hollow trunnions journaled in saidsuspended bearings. The shaft carrying the hammer rotor may pass throughthese trunnions, and this shaft may be journaled in bearings disposedwithin the trunnions, or such shaft may be extended beyond the bearingssupporting said trunnions and hung in independent suspended bearings.Any usual form of driving means may be employed to rotate the drum, andthe hammer-carrying rotor may be independently driven by suitable means.

In the structure illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, I have shown thecone-shaped feed end member provided with vanes, indicated at 10. Whilein some instances, these vanes may be straight, that is to say, parallelwith the axis of rotation, they may be curved, as illustrated in Fig. 2.Their purpose is to prevent material from cascading directly into thebottom of the drum and avoid the formation of a bed of uncrushedmaterial that would retard free screening .01 the material broken by thehammers. The vanes serve to divide the feed and elevate it part wayduring rotation of the drum.

The structure illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 comprises a rotating cake orvdrum in overhung position carried by an outboard shaft. In thisarrangement, the shaft is suitably connected to the end wall of the drumand supported in bearings. The overhung weight of the drum is partiallycompensated for by the weight of the shaft, and the weight of a gearwheel or speed reducing mechanism carriedby the end of the same andthrough which motion is imparted thereto.

This form of my improved crushing structure may comprise a drum having aconical feed end I and an imperforate end wall 2, and omits the hammermechanism; the coal or other material fed into the drum being broken bydropping from the shelves of the same. The conical feed end may beapertured for the passage of fines accompanying the material beingcrushed. These parts may be connected together in spaced relation bylongitudinal members 9 which may be integral with the end wall 2 and aring 6 to which the conical feed and is secured. If desired, the members9 may be straight, and may be independent members secured to the endwall 2 and ring 6 by suitable bolts, as indicated in Fig. 11.

The structure illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9 is shown as provided withscreen plates I3 which may be of usual character, disposed externally ofthe frame made up of the end wall 2 ring 6 and connecting members 9 Ifdesired, the wall of the drum may be composed of plates of the typeillustrated in the Doerres patent before referred to, or of any othertype commonly employed in coal breakers of the Bradford type. Liftingshelves of the fixed type may be employed, and the webs Hi of thelongitudinal members 9 may serve as lifting shelves, as illustrated inFig. 9. When the end wall or member 2 and the ring 6 are integral withthe longitudinal members 8 the latter may be arranged at an angle to thelongitudinal axis of the drum, as indicated in Fig. 10, which alsoindicates the lifting shelves as being integral with said longitudinalmembers.

The end wall or member 2 carries a central hub Hi attached to a shaft50, the latter extending outwardly some distance away from said wall andbeing supported by bearings 5| and 52. A gear wheel 53 may be carried bythe end of this shaft, or a suitable form of speedreducing mechanism maybe attached thereto, to which motion may be imparted through the mediumof a pinion on a drving shaft (not shown), or such gear wheel orspeed-reducing mechanism maybe driven in any other manner.

The cone section 1", forming the feed end of the drum, is preferablyprovided with vanes 10, which are curved, as indicated in Fig. 8 and 9,and the function of these vanes is to insure a more even delivery ofmaterial to the drum; such vanes serving to divide the mass of chargedmaterial and elevate it part-way before delivery to the drum. Duringthis time some of the lines may pass through the openings in the wall ofthe conical feed section.

While I have illustrated andreferred more or less particularly to a drumhaving a foraminous wall, it will be understood that, in some instances,the wall of the drum may be imperforate, or

perforate drums are employed, the .material brokeni'by .the hammersmay'be'carried to the end ofv the same and dischargedthrough. openingsdisposedicircumferentially of the drumzat or adjacent the endopposite-'the'feed'end. Delivery of the material to such end-may beeffected by maybev enclosed-in casings or-housingof the same characterascthosei illustrated inv Figs. 1

v: w W Y P which the peripheral-apertured wall issubstantiallyzco'ritinuous, it will be understoodthat other formsofforaminous-or reticulated walls maybe employed and'that -they-maybe-sectional in character; in the form of substantially flatperforatedplates and/orgridwpla-tespwhich may-be flat or all forms of: thecrushing :structu'res illustrated While I' have inFigs; 1 -,'2, ,et seqdrums in curved; In Fig. 1-2 I have shown a plate structure which maybe;employed-in constructing.- the Fig. 13, showing the bars-extendinglongitudinally of the'drum, and Fig. 14 showing the bars extend- 1ing-tcircumferentia'lly of thexdrum; 1 I

-The material to becrushed-may be fed to the 1 several forms ofapparatus herein-described and shown in the. several drawings, by achute-80;

'From the foregoing description, it will be apparent'that simple andefiicient means are pro-. vided for accomplishing theobjects of theinvention, and while the-elements shown and de- 1 scribedarewellgadapted to serve-the purposes for constructions set forth; butincludes-within its scope such changes and modifications as may be madewithin the terms of the appended claims.

shaft carried by and extending-outwardlyfrom.

I claim:

1. In a crushing structure and in combination, 1

a rotatable drum comprising a, circular end; wall, aring section spacedfrom said end wall, longitudinal members connecting and spacing saidendwall and ring section,xan apertured peripheral wall enclosing saidlongitudinal members, the ring section and the rim portion of said endwall p and secured to the several members, a hollow said end wall andforming the sole support for said drum which overhangs from itsend, aham mer-carrying rotor structure mounted within said drum entirelyclearof its. walls; a shaft from which said hammer mechanism overhangs within1 the drum; said shaft being supported by the circular end wall and, thehollow drum-jcarrying shaft, and means for independently driving saidtudinal members' connecting and spacing said end wall and ring sectionand flanged to form lifting shelves disposed internally of the drum, an

apertured peripheral wall enclosing said longitudinal members, the r ngsection and the rim portions thereof may be imperforate. When im 1.members,% ahollow shaft carried by and extend- .ing: outwardly fromsaid end wall and wholly -.supporti;ng saiddrum, a hammer-carrying rotorportion of said end wall and secured to the several structure mountedwithin said drum entirely clear of its walls, a shaft for said hammermech- -I anism supported by the circular end wall and the means ofinclined lifting shelves oftheltype illu- 'tratedinFig. 3. a'I'herotating-drums illustratedinFigslland 8, .may bee'nclosed in-acasing-or housing J5 as in- .dicated therein, although it will. be:understood thatsuch casing is not essential forthesuccess- .ful;operation --of these particular forms ofmy improved crushing apparatus..And, ifdesired,

hollow drum-carrying shaft, and means for inawrotatabledrum comprising acircular end wall,

:a ring section spaced from said end wall, longitudinal membersconnecting and spacing said end wall and ring section, a cone-shapedshell secured whollysupporting the drum, a hammer-carrying rotordisposedwithin the drum clear of its walls, a-shaft therefor-disposedwithin the hollow shaft,

bearing supports for said rotor-carrying shaft;

one bearingbeing-mounted in the end wall and the other in the outerendof the hollow shaft, and means for driving said drum and hammermechanism independently of each other.

7 4. In a crushing structure of the character described and incombination, a drum mounted for rotation and comprising a frame carryingan apertured peripheralwall; said frame including annular elements atopposite ends of the drum and longitudinal fiangedmembers diagonallyarranged with respect to the longitudinal axis of the drum and providinginternally disposed lifting shelves andthe longitudinal membersconnecting and spacing the annular members and supportingthe peripheralwall, a rotatable shaft entering said drum from one end and overhangingtherein, a hammer-carrying rotor structure supporting a plurality ofradially extending hamv mers,mounted onthe end of said overhanging whichthey are intended, .it is to be understood that theinvention is notlimited to the precise shaft outof contact with the drum, bearings forfor driving the'drum, and means for driving said overhanging shaftindependently of the means for driving the drum. I

5. In a crushing structure of the character described and incombination, a rotatable drum comprising a circular end wall, a ringsection,

longitudinal flanged sections connecting said end wall and ring sectionand providing internally disposed lifting shelves, screen platesoverlying said longitudinal elements, the ring-section and the rimportion of the end wall and providing a foraminous shell for the drum, acone-shaped feed memberconnected to the ring section externally of thedrum and having an enlarged central opening; said cone-shaped feedmember providing a trunnion at its smallest diameter, a trunnion carriedbythe circular end wall, revoluble. supporting means for said trunnions,curved vanes carried by the cone-shaped feed member for. regulating feedto the drum; the shelves 7, formed by the longitudinal sectionsservingto lift material delivered by the cone-shaped feed section, means forrotating the drum on its revoluble supports, a hammer-carrying rotorinternally disposed with respect .to the drum and wholly independentlyof the latter and adapted toact upon material discharged from theshelves, .an outboard shaft passing through said end wall andcarryingsaid hammer mechanism, bearings ,supporting said shaft entirelyindependently of to said ring section and having an enlarged feed 15 thedrum, and means for driving said shaft independently of the means forrevolving the drum.

6. In a crushing structure and in combination, a rotatable drumcomprising a circular end wall, a cone-shaped ring section spaced fromsaid end wall; said ring section having internally disposed vanes,longitudinal members connecting and spacing the cone-shaped ring sectionand said end wall, an apertured peripheral wall enclosing said 10 ringsection, longitudinal members and the rim portion of said end wall andsecured theretopan elongated shaft fixed to said end wall and extendingoutwardly therefrom and forming the sole support for the rotatable drum,a plurality of bearings supporting said shaft in horizontal alignment,and means for driving said shaft including a gear wheel connected to thefree end of the same; said shaft and gear wheel substantially balancingthe weight of the drum.

GEORGE W. BURTON.

